The journal is a quarterly scientific publication. The issues of the journal publish scientific articles by scientists, graduate students and applicants for academic degrees, students on topical issues of various branches of science, containing the results of the authors' own research. The editorial board of the publication consists of leading Russian and foreign scientists representing the academic and university community.
Издательство "Институт системных технологий"
Analysis of solid-state models using center-stress finite elements
When performing strength calculations of building structures on a computer using software packages based on the finite element method, it is necessary to use various finite element models to validate the obtained data. Models of spatial elasticity problems are the most informative, but are labor-intensive to analyze. This work is a continuation of a numerical experiment to determine the correct location of stresses in first-order volumetric finite elements of solid models when calculating bending moments. In the first part of the work, it was demonstrated that using stresses acting on the faces of the structure in the star of node elements ensures the necessary calculation accuracy, but requires analyzing a significant amount of data. The aim of this work is to elucidate the feasibility of using average stresses acting at the centers of the outermost finite elements when calculating bending moments in solid models, taking into account the application of cross-sectional weighting factors. The study methodology involves comparing bending moments calculated using averaged normal fiber stresses in a model of an obliquely bent concrete cantilever beam with a cross-section of 300 x 600(h) mm and a length of 1800 mm. The model is constructed using an isoparametric eight-node first-order cubic finite element with a 50 mm edge size from the SCAD++ library with a regular finite element mesh. The numerical experiment demonstrated good convergence of the results, with deviations from the analytical calculations amounting to -1.73% and +1.13%. The practical significance of this study lies in the fact that when calculating bending moments in solid-state computer models consisting of first-order volumetric finite elements, it is convenient to use the stresses acting at the centers of the outermost finite elements, taking into account the application of cross-sectional weighting factors. This approach significantly reduces the computational effort compared to analyzing the star data of node elements.
stress, bending moments, finite element model, star of node elements, finite element center, volumetric finite elements, result convergence, section weighting factor
Copyright (c) 2026 The system technologies
Influence of biogenic elements on the rate of biological wastewater treatment
The rate of biological wastewater treatment is governed by the growth and enzymatic activity of activated sludge and biofilm communities and depends on the supply of nutrients – carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus – and of trace elements. The aim is to quantify the effect of nutrient availability on treatment kinetics and to develop an engineering algorithm for correcting wastewater composition. A model experiment was carried out on three typical objects: a municipal treatment plant with a moderate phosphorus deficiency, dairy-plant local facilities with a severe combined nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, and an anaerobic UASB reactor with a cobalt and nickel deficiency. After a corrective additive was introduced up to the target ratio BOD:N:P = 100:5:1 or to trace-element replenishment, the oxidation rate, sludge volume index, residual pollutant concentrations and – for the anaerobic reactor – the specific methane yield and volatile fatty acid concentration were recorded over 14–20 days. Targeted replenishment of the deficient element restores process kinetics within one to two weeks: under a moderate phosphorus deficiency the BOD treatment rate increased more than twofold, under a combined nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency the volumetric BOD removal rate increased about sixfold, and under a cobalt and nickel deficiency the previously arrested methanogenesis was restored. The novelty lies in relating specific types of nutrient imbalance to the measured response of dissimilar systems and in formulating an algorithm for diagnosing and correcting nutrient supply, suitable for increasing plant throughput without reconstruction.
Optimization of fiber-optic sensors at a distance
The article presents a detailed analysis of the vulnerabilities of various types of fiber-optic sensors (FOS)–specifically, point sensors based on Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) and distributed sensors using Optical Time-Domain Reflectometers (OTDR)–to signal degradation over long distances. It has been established that for distributed systems, the dominant factor reducing spatial resolution is chromatic dispersion, whereas for point sensors, the combined effect of attenuation and amplification noise becomes critical. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the proposal of an original hybrid scheme. This scheme integrates a hybrid amplification cascade, based on an Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and a distributed Raman amplifier, combined with an adaptive dispersion compensation unit utilizing programmable FBGs with electronic feedback. In contrast to existing counterparts, this solution provides not merely an increase in signal power but also targeted suppression of the noise component and dynamic correction of dispersion-induced distortions, adapting to the changing parameters of the fiber. The practical significance of the study is determined by numerical modeling, which demonstrates that the implementation of the developed method for a Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) model over a 150 km distance enables an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio by 4.8 dB and maintains a spatial resolution of ±3.5 meters. This level of performance is unattainable for conventional systems with discrete amplification. The obtained results pave the way for the development of cost-effective, highly reliable monitoring systems for ultra-long-range applications, which are in high demand in the oil and gas sector, power engineering, and transport infrastructure.
Internet of things data analysis methodology for hydraulic structures of hazard classes III and IV based on mathematical experiment planning
This study presents a methodology for analyzing (evaluating) Internet of Things (IoT) data for hydraulic structures of hazard classes III and IV, based on mathematical experimental design for the seepage flow function. The relevance of this work stems from the need to ensure the safety of small hydraulic structures under strict budget constraints, when traditional monitoring systems with a large number of sensors are economically impractical. An approach is proposed using a fractional factorial 2k-p experiment for the optimal placement of IoT sensors, which reduces their number by 40–60% compared to a uniform grid without loss of information content. A regression model for the response function—seepage flow—is developed, including main effects and pairwise interactions of factors (water level, temperature, operating time, precipitation). The pre-emergency condition criterion is based on residual analysis with thresholds differentiated by hazard class: for class III – 2σ (pre-emergency) and 3σ (emergency), for class IV – 3σ and 4σ, respectively. Monitoring the dynamics of pairwise interaction coefficients is used as an additional diagnostic indicator. An algorithm for analyzing data obtained using IoT has been developed. The methodology can be implemented by owners of existing hydraulic structures quickly and without significant capital expenditures.
The concept of Vision Zero in urban transport planning: international experience with engineering solutions.
The article analyzes the Swedish Vision Zero concept, which since 1997 has considered any road fatality as a preventable systemic defect rather than an inevitable cost of mobility. The aim is to identify and systematize the most effective engineering and environmental measures that have proven their ability to drastically reduce road accident fatality rates internationally. The study draws on WHO open data, NACTO and FHWA professional guidelines, and a detailed analysis of successful urban cases: Hoboken, Stockholm and Amsterdam. Three groups of solutions are identified: speed management through street geometry (chicanes, road diets, speed cushions), intersection protection (daylighting, Dutch junction), and opposing flow separation on highways (2+1 system with cable barrier). It is shown that reducing the speed limit to 30 km/h combined with physical traffic calming reduces fatalities by 45–90 %. Special attention is paid to the Hoboken phenomenon, where a set of environmental and regulatory measures has resulted in no fatal crashes for nine consecutive years. Additionally, the contribution of architectural environment design – color and tactile paving’s, greenery, small urban forms, adaptive lighting – to a safe street network is considered. The results can be applied in developing regional road safety programs and adjusting urban planning standards.
How a Soviet microdistrict reproduces the mistakes described by Jane Jacobs in "The Death and Life of Great American Cities"
In her book "The Death and Life of Great American Cities", Jane Jacobs describes four key principles of successful urban planning using American cities as examples: mixed use, short blocks, diverse building stock, and high street density. She supports these principles with real-life scenarios, observations of urban street life, and statistical data. An analysis of these principles shows that Soviet residential neighborhoods violated each of them. Looking back at the experience of Soviet urban planners, we can identify the systemic problems of existing microdistrict and take them into account when designing modern urban environments. This article examines the four main mistakes pointed out by Jane Jacobs.
Current types of public spaces in small historic settlements on the Don River in the Rostov region
The article considers one of the modern types of public spaces for small historical settlements - universal information and cultural centers (“community centers”). The place of universal information and cultural centers in the structure of a small historical settlement is revealed. The world experience of designing such centers in small settlements is summarized. Variants of functional modern event digital content of universal information and cultural centers are also considered. In conclusion, the principles are outlined on which the concept of introducing universal information and cultural centers into the structure of the architectural and compositional framework in small historical settlements of the Rostov region is based.
universal information and cultural centers
architectural and compositional framework
Principles of revitalizing historic centers in Ural factory towns into a museum district
This article examines the principles of integrating former industrial buildings into the historical urban fabric by adapting them for museum and educational purposes. The key approaches and methods for preserving the cultural heritage of depressed territories, presented in the study, contribute to the sustainable development of these zones into a functional urban environment. When developing a revitalization concept, it is essential to employ a comprehensive approach to spatial planning, conduct a thorough site analysis, and review global and domestic experience in revitalizing areas with similar characteristics. Based on the findings, a project model applicable to similar sites can be developed for the revitalization of territories and objects. The proposed approaches reveal the potential of historical sites in factory towns and ensure their adaptation to contemporary functions.
Numerical modeling of the attenuation of Rayleigh surface waves by a pile barrier
This paper presents a numerical simulation of the attenuation of Rayleigh surface waves by a localized pile barrier in a linear elastic medium. The simulation was performed in a quasi-three-dimensional formulation using the SIMULIA Abaqus software package and explicit time integration methods for the equations of motion. Cases with different pile material densities and unchanged elastic properties were considered, which made it possible to assess the effect of density contrast on the wave field propagation pattern. The analysis was carried out using time histories of vertical displacements at a control point and spatial distributions of displacement magnitude in the near-surface zone. It was found that the presence of a pile barrier leads to a reduction in vibration amplitude in the region behind the obstacle and causes a phase delay of the signal compared with a homogeneous medium. It is shown that a heavy pile predominantly acts as a reflecting element, forming an interference zone in front of the barrier, whereas a light pile provides more pronounced attenuation due to wave energy trapping, scattering, and re-radiation. It is concluded that a pile with a lower density relative to the surrounding medium is more effective for vibration and seismic protection of soils, foundations, and equipment.
Features of assessing the technical condition of a homogeneous earth dam based on engineering surveys and mathematical planning of the experiment
The article discusses a comprehensive approach to assessing the technical condition of homogeneous earth-fill dams, based on the integration of field engineering survey data and mathematical experimental design methods. The author proposes a methodology for transitioning from labor-intensive single numerical calculations using the finite element method to the construction of analytical meta-models of the structure's state. The work justifies the use of central composite rotatable design to approximate the dependence of the stability coefficient on the physical and mechanical properties of soils and hydrological loads in accordance with SP 39.13330.2012. Key variation factors and response functions are identified, allowing for the ranking of soil parameters by their degree of influence on dam reliability. The research results enable the optimization of engineering survey scopes by identifying the most critical characteristics for monitoring. The developed recommendations can be applied for operational safety forecasting of hydraulic structures under changing operational conditions.
Low-energy self-organization of coherent structures in non-equilibrium crystallization
Relevance. Various attempts to explain the crystallization of viscous silicate melts under varying degrees of stationarity are driven by the growing need for new materials to support technological progress. It is currently accepted that the entire diversity of solid materials is encompassed by several phase states with crystal structures obeying Fedorov space groups. The unit cell possesses parameters, translating which allows for the construction of a fairly realistic description of crystals, determined by the Gibbs phase. Experimental mineralogy data often diverge from traditional concepts, particularly when describing anomalous diffusion kinetics and phase transformations in crystallizing glasses and glass-ceramics. The goal of this work is to develop a method for describing crystals that takes into account forces of at least equal magnitude, somehow related to internal properties and vibrational modes. To this end, we used our holographic model of matter, in which these interactions can form their own coherent structures with their own types of resonant lattices. The following problems were solved: structural ordering factors determined by spatiotemporal coherence were identified; a resonance model of dynamic structures was substantiated that adequately describes the kinetics of low-energy phase transformations; and a classification of materials by the nature of bonds and types of coherence was developed. Methods. The model of a generalized approach to assessing multi-scale processes and phenomena is based on the results of fundamental experimental research and their analysis, taking into account well-known concepts of electrodynamics and wave mechanics. Results. For the first time, a model of spatially closed dynamic structures of real matter was developed, describing objects and interactions at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels as a set of self-interference of a closed wave process. Interaction between regions of constructive interference occurs at the beat frequencies of the main wave process, generating a spatial lattice of the next hierarchical level.
Numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of a heterogeneous embankment of a hydraulic structure with a retaining wall
Modern hydraulic engineering requires high reliability and safety of structures in challenging hydrogeological conditions, including heterogeneous soils and complex mechanical interactions. This study presents a numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of a hydraulic structure with a retaining wall based on layered heterogeneous soils. The relevance of the study stems from the need to improve the accuracy of predicting the behavior of soil masses and reduce the risk of accidents for soil structures on complex terrain, which is confirmed by the use of modern finite element methods and modeling of the interaction between the structure of the foundation soils of the structure and various elements of the structure itself. The analysis revealed that the maximum total displacement of the retaining wall during the construction phase is 0.026 m (26 mm), which is significantly lower than the permissible values ​​(100–150 mm according to SP 22.13330.2016), ensuring the required stability of the structure. The maximum pore pressure in the foundation was determined to be -433.71 kN/m² at a depth of 62.7 m, indicating the high bearing capacity of the soils. Modeling revealed stress concentration zones at the wall base with a maximum value of 1027.66 kN/m², requiring the application of appropriate design solutions to improve the structure's reliability. The practical significance of this study lies in improving the accuracy of stress-strain state assessments for the structure itself in the presence of heterogeneous foundation soils, thereby reducing the risk of accidents, optimizing design solutions, and developing recommendations for the operation and modernization of similar facilities.
Efficiency of using the bearing capacity surface of reinforced concrete sections and analysis of methods for its construction
The study investigates the efficiency of using the bearing capacity surface in the design of reinforced concrete sections. Two methods for constructing it in the N–Mx–My force space are considered: the direct method, based on a parametric sweep of external forces, and the inverse method, in which points of the surface are determined by specifying ultimate strains followed by calculating the corresponding forces. The accuracy of determining the strength utilization coefficient based on the ultimate moment was evaluated on a test load set by comparing it with reference values obtained from direct ultimate state calculations considering the physical nonlinearity of materials. It is shown that both surfaces provide high accuracy, while the direct method produces a smoother surface, and the inverse method allows for a significant reduction in construction time.
The complex application of game theory and scenario modeling for the formation of the assortment policy of the enterprise
The article focuses on the synergetic potential of the integrated use of game theory and scenario modeling for the formation of the assortment policy of the enterprise, which determines the strategic directions of formation, management and development of the product range in accordance with the goals of the enterprise, market needs and production capabilities. In the course of the research, a series of game-theoretical models of the formation of the assortment of the enterprise was built and analyzed, optimal strategies in the field of assortment policy of the enterprise were determined, taking into account various information conditions and criteria of optimality. The material of the article is of interest for improving decision-making methods in production management, and may also be useful for developing the content of professional training for graduate students studying in the field of Management.
Problem-oriented method of computational analysis of intersecting shells of rotation
A technique for studying the stress-strain state of intersecting shells of rotation is considered. The classification of typical joints of intersecting shells of various geometric shapes is carried out, which facilitates research from a unified methodological perspective, systematization of the main geometric parameters of the joints that affect the stress state of the shells, and a systematic approach to the analysis of locally reinforced or composite intersecting shells. Based on the described problem-oriented methodology for the study of intersecting shells, a specialized computing program SAIS has been developed.
strength of intersecting shells of rotation
Paradoxes of digital transformation in the constructionindustry as an instrument for smoothing regional disparities
The purpose of the study is to conduct a theoretical and methodological analysis of the role of digital transformation in the construction industry as an instrument of state policy for smoothing regional disparities. The dual nature of the influence of digital technologies (BIM, generative neural networks) on spatial development has been investigated, and the conditions for their effective integration into equalization mechanisms within the framework of state programs have been determined. The methodology is based on a systematic approach, including comparative analysis and conceptual modeling. It has been established that the digital transformation of construction, possessing a space-compressing effect, creates potential for equalizing access to technologies and increasing productivity in depressed regions. However, its inherent effects of dependence on qualified personnel and digital infrastructure provoke hyper-concentration of competencies in established agglomerations, forming risks of a new sectoral digital divide. The effectiveness of digitalization as a tool for smoothing differentiation is determined by its integration into comprehensive packages of state measures that modernize traditional mechanisms through the introduction of end-to-end digital standards, including BIM. The practical significance of the conclusions lies in the formation of a theoretical basis for adjusting state programs for the development of the construction complex aimed at minimizing territorial inequality through technological modernization.
Static analysis of the reinforced concrete pavement of the Gatti wool spinning mill of the Pier Luigi Nervi system
Floors can be flat and beamless, flat and supported by column capitals, beamed, or coffered. These solutions are widely discussed in the literature. In addition, there are designs based on natural structural principles. One such solution is the roof of the Gatti wool mill in Rome, designed by the Italian engineer Pier Luigi Nervi. At first glance, one might say that this roof is complex, both in design and construction. The question arises: why did the engineer decide to construct the structure in this manner? Nervi worked during the reign of the National Fascist Party under Baron Mussolini. This regime resulted in an embargo prohibiting Western countries from trading with Italy, leading to a severe shortage and high costs of building materials unavailable in Italy. These materials include steel and wood. Steel is needed for reinforcing reinforced concrete, and wood for removable formwork. Is it possible to construct reinforced concrete using a minimal amount of metal and without wooden formwork? It's possible, using natural principles of force distribution and permanent formwork, as P.L. Nervi concluded. This article examines the stress-strain state of a finite element model created in the SCAD computing system for the roof structure of the Gatti wool spinning mill. The main roof beams are curved beams supported by column capitals. Their geometry in plan fully corresponds to the isostatic tensile stress diagram acting on the lower surface of the slab without rib reinforcement. The original role of the straight and oval beams was to form the ribs of the permanent formwork caissons made of reinforced cement. In the roof, these elements improve the interaction between the ribs and flanges of the main T-beams and also act as secondary beams. Minor tensile stresses arise in the lower zone of the slab, allowing for cost-effective reinforcement.
Pier Luigi Nervi, «poet of reinforced concrete», Gatti factory, architectural and construction bionics, isostatic diagram, stress-strain state, reinforced concrete coffered floors, finite element model.
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR PLANNING TRAJECTORIES OF AN INDUSTRIAL MANIPULATOR ROBOT IN CONSTRAINED CONDITIONS
The article addresses the urgent task of increasing the autonomy and efficiency of industrial manipulator robots operating in limited space cluttered with obstacles. An analysis of classical trajectory planning methods (RRT, PRM, potential fields) is carried out, and their key shortcomings in constrained environments are identified: high computational complexity, susceptibility to local minima, and insufficient adaptability to dynamic environmental changes. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a hybrid AI-RRT algorithm that combines a modified rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT*) method with a deep neural network (DNN) for predicting heuristics and correcting trajectories in real time. The algorithm is supplemented by a scene semantic analysis system based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), which classifies obstacle types (static rigid bodies, deformable objects, zones with adjustable clearance) to optimize bypass maneuvers. This allows for assigning different penalty coefficients in the path cost function depending on the obstacle category, thereby facilitating the search for more rational and safe routes. Practical significance is confirmed by the results of simulation modeling in the ROS and Gazebo environment for a UR5 manipulator. Compared to the baseline RRT*, the proposed hybrid algorithm demonstrated a reduction in average planning time by 42%, a decrease in final trajectory length by 18%, and an increase in the success rate of finding a collision-free path in complex scenarios to 98.5%. The developed approach enables effective planning in high-clutter environments and provides a foundation for creating adaptive robotic systems for assembly, welding, and logistics.
Some aspects of using hydraulic actuators
The article analyzes the key factors limiting the response speed and positioning accuracy of hydraulic actuators in technological equipment automation systems. It has been established that for double-acting cylinders, the dominant factor determining dynamic positioning error is the nonlinearity of the flow-pressure characteristics of the spool valve at small pressure drops, while for rotary actuators, the critical factors become pressure pulsations and elastic deformations of power elements. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a modified mathematical model of the drive dynamics. This model integrates a refined description of the flow through the spool metering edge, considering the laminarization effect at small displacements, as well as a non-stationary model of dry friction forces in cylinder seals. Unlike known models that use linear approximations, the proposed model allows for high-accuracy prediction of the occurrence of "dead zone" phenomena and associated self-oscillations, which is crucial for precision positioning systems. The practical significance of the study is determined by the development of an adaptive compensation control algorithm based on the proposed model. The algorithm implements a two-loop structure with an inner loop for compensating valve nonlinearities and an outer positioning loop with a PID controller, whose parameters are adjusted depending on the current load and movement speed. The results of simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and bench tests demonstrated that the implementation of the proposed algorithm for the clamping device drive of a CNC machine tool reduces static positioning error by 72% (from 0.25 mm to 0.07 mm) and increases the maximum trajectory tracking speed by 18% while maintaining the required clamping force.
Mathematical model for predicting liquid nitrogen consumption in an automatic cryobank taking into account operating modes and biomaterial types
The paper presents an improved mathematical model for predicting liquid nitrogen consumption in an automatic cryobank, taking into account the influence of biomaterial types, operating modes and heat inflows through insulation. The model is based on differential equations of heat balance and includes an algorithm for adaptive prediction of time until the next refill. A comparative analysis of various operating modes is carried out: stable storage, active work with frequent access and emergency mode with partial loss of vacuum. Using the example of a real cryobank with a volume of 11 m³, it is shown that the transition from manual to automatic forecasting reduces the probability of critical emptying of the tank by 73% and optimizes the logistics of coolant supply. A method for calculating daily nitrogen consumption has been developed, which can be integrated into the cryobank management system for the timely formation of refill orders.
Copyright (c) 2025 The system technologies
Prospects for the formation of a linear megastructure in the coastal zone of the Russian Arctic
The article defines a megastructure and, based on domestic and foreign historical and modern examples, makes a proposal for a method of forming the architectural aspect of a megastructure in the northern part of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of the totality of the Region's material resources, the concept of erecting the semantic facade of Russia and various levels of its understanding is proposed.
the totality of the Arctic's material resources
Amphitheater in gardening and park design
An amphitheater is a landscape structure that combines aesthetics and functionality, and it has been a popular feature of gardens and parks since ancient times. The amphitheater, which originated in the Renaissance, has become a prominent element in gardens throughout history. This article aims to explore the significance of the amphitheater in garden design and its diverse architectural applications.
Architecture of viennese gasometers: preserving through modernization
The main objective of the conversion of the gas holders in Vienna was to preserve the historical heritage of these unique structures while adapting them to the modern needs of the urban environment. The project aimed to create a mixed-use complex that could include residential, office, cultural and retail spaces, thus ensuring the efficient and appropriate use of these historic structures. Thus, the transformation of the gas holders was aimed to revitalize them and to give new life to these buildings, enriching the urban space and meeting the needs of modern society for a variety of functions and services.
modernization of historical constructions
Features of the location of congress center buildings in the structure of large cities
The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of architectural and planning principles of congress centers placement in the structure of large cities under the influence of globalization challenges, digital revolution and changing social demands. The transition from the model of an isolated monofunctional facility to the concept of an integrated multifunctional complex acting as a catalyst for urban development and a center of public life is proved. Based on the analysis of international experience, the author identified and systematized four typological models of congress centers placement: integrated, cluster, transport-oriented and point. For each model, key characteristics, advantages and implementation examples are defined. In conclusion, a set of criteria for effective placement has been formulated, including transport accessibility, functional synergy, space flexibility, environmental sustainability, and technological equipment for hybrid formats. The results of the study are presented.
Cognitive, environmental, and urban aspects in continuingprofessional education programs (using the exampleof international architectural and art schools)
The article examines the scientific and methodological foundations of the interaction of architecture, design and psychology as cognitive, environmental and ubristic aspects of creative projects and design concepts developed within the framework of continuing professional education programs. Using the example of personal experience in developing work programs and conducting international architectural and art schools of various sizes and directions, the authors have identified the special importance of these factors in the context of the current challenges of modern development of society, higher and additional education systems and sustainable urban development in accordance with strategic goals and national projects "Education", "Ecology", "Housing and urban environment", "Infrastructure for life", "Tourism and Hospitality". Work programs developed in creative disciplines (urban environment design, landscape architecture, revitalization of former industrial territories, renovation of public spaces, ecodesign) take into account these aspects and requests at all levels: from the development of technical specifications for design to the practical implementation of conceptual design ideas in this area, as well as further scientific and practical research on as a result of field surveys and plein-airs. Based on the experience of implementing programs using advanced digital technologies and communication processes in education and science, conclusions have been drawn about the need to integrate creative education programs on an ongoing basis for fruitful international cooperation between universities, the full development and advanced training of students and teaching staff of higher education institutions.
objects of urban recreational and tourist infrastructure
Sustainable management of storage wash: potential of green infrastructure in mega-city on the example of St. Petersburg
In recent decades, the problem of stormwater management has become increasingly relevant in the context of global climate change and urbanization. Traditional methods show an inability to cope with the emerging problem in full, with which methods close to the natural cycle of nature – “green infrastructure” can help.
Water intake facilities of the Red army troops during the Great Patriotic war
The article discusses the main types of water intake structures that were used in the Red Army in the period from 1941 to 1945. The use of one type or another of water intake facilities during the Great Patriotic War depended on numerous factors: the presence of underground or surface water in the territory; the planned duration of operation of water supply systems; the need for rapid construction and camouflage from enemy reconnaissance; maintainability and rapid restoration in case of damage, etc. The entire range of tasks was carried out by the engineering troops in conjunction with the sanitary services, which selected the best options for natural water treatment. The structures of water intake structures developed and used in the Great Patriotic War, erected by professional brigades of engineering troops, made it possible to establish water supply in various conditions of both offensive and defense.
Integrated assessment of water quality and sludge characteristics at old kufa water treatment plant using artificial neural network modeling
This study delivers an integrated assessment of water quality and residual sludge characteristics at the Old Kufa drinking-water facility in Iraq. The analysis targets the full treatment train of the municipal plant together with the generated water-treatment residuals. Operational records from 2020–2024 and laboratory measurements collected between June and November 2024 were used to trace the behavior of key indicators—turbidity, total suspended solids, and chemical oxygen demand. We further examine how fluctuations in Euphrates source-water quality and coagulation–flocculation settings condition the specific sludge yield. Measured values are benchmarked against current Iraqi drinking-water and environmental standards, and the operational implications for sustainable sludge management are outlined, including exceedance risk appraisal, reagent-dose optimization planning, and avenues for reuse and resource recovery. The modeling component employs an artificial neural network with inputs pH, Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺, and temperature, and targets defined as suspended solids and specific sludge production; the model attains high predictive accuracy (R² = 0.991). The novelty lies in coupling field and experimental evidence from an urban WTP with ANN-based forecasting of treated-water indicators and sludge generation under variable river inflow. The outcome is a practical decision-support tool enabling sensitivity analysis to influent attributes and dosing strategies. Turbidity and suspended solids emerge as the dominant determinants of sludge formation; a peak specific yield of 278.6 kg /1,000 m³ was observed, motivating adjustments to chemical conditioning and proactive sludge-handling plans. COD exceedances above the 100 mg/L limit indicate environmental risk and the need to reinforce operational resilience through optimized dosing and development of reuse/recovery pathways.
Wave technologies in the tasks of setting upa ground-based civil defense protective structureduring shock, explosive and seismic impacts
This study provides information on computer modeling of non-stationary transient waves in a ground-based civil defense protective structure during shock, explosive and seismic impacts. To study, determine and evaluate transient wave processes, a special methodology, algorithm and computational software package have been developed by Musayev V.K. This complex allows you to obtain displacements, displacement velocities, accelerations, stresses and deformations in deformable bodies of complex shape during non-stationary wave processes. When creating the software package, the algorithmic language Fortran-90 was used. The study area was divided into finite elements of the first order according to spatial and temporal variables. Using mathematical modeling, a system with an infinite number of unknowns was reduced to a system with a finite number of unknowns. To assess the reliability and accuracy of the developed software package, the problems of the effect of non-stationary stress waves on various geo objects were solved. The results of the stress state showed qualitative and quantitative agreement with the real data.
Patterns of structure formation of cement stone based on carbonate-containing cement compositions
The article is devoted to the identification and interpretation of patterns of structure formation of cement stone based on carbonate-containing cement compositions. The influence of the nature and dispersion of carbonate additives, their dosage and interaction with hydration products of Portland cement in the early and late stages of hardening is analyzed. It is shown that carbonate phases act simultaneously as physical nucleation centers and as chemically active participants in the formation of carbonic-aluminate compounds that modify the morphology and hierarchy of the pore space. Based on a model experiment with limestone and dolomite flour, the role of grain skeleton compactification, acceleration of early hydration, redistribution of calcium hydroxide and stabilization of hydroaluminate phases in the formation of strength and corrosion resistance is substantiated. Quantitative data on porometry and strength are presented, and the kinetics of AFt/AFm transformations involving carbonate ions and their relationship to the development of micro- and mesoporosity are discussed. The results confirm that controlled carbonatization of the matrix at the stage of structure formation makes it possible to purposefully adjust the modulus of deformation, water absorption and permeability while maintaining the manufacturability of the mixture.